During the last two years with the pandemic and Covid-19 as well as the newly outbreak of Omnicron

A critical synthesis of research literature on the process of organizational change at the institutional level is needed because higher education is being asked to be responsive to an ever-changing environment. 

The 4M framework (Table 1. is useful because it focuses on the different levels in an organization and stimulates thinking beyond the boundaries of a particular context.
Table 1.
Levels category used by Friberg.
(2016)
Comment
Mega
Development outside the institution
The influence of this level may come from legislation or other forms of policy, or from discursive pressures through debates instigated by various stakeholders, or from other institutions, league tables and many other sources. It is important to keep in mind that the institution also influences the mega-level.
Macro-development at the institutional level
Changes at this level often involve formal leaders with specific responsibilities or deans and vice-chancellors who are responsible for an entire organization.
Meso-development at the departmental level.
This may involve the development of a department, but also teaching and learning systems, disciplinary communities, micro-cultures, or networks of individuals who matter to each other.
Micro-development at the individual level
Individuals can develop for many reasons: from experience, from observing students, from consulting a developer, from participating in projects, from responding to a policy or legislation, from exploring new technologies, and many others.

With case studies, teaching questions, tools for change, and a greater focus on scaling change, this monumental new edition offers updated content and new insights into understanding, leading, and implementing change. Kezar acknowledges that internal and external conditions shape and frame change processes. He presents an overarching practical toolkit-a framework for analyzing change as well as a set of theoretical perspectives on how to apply that framework to customize a change process, regardless of the organizational challenge or context. How Colleges Change is an indispensable resource for aspiring and practicing college leaders, higher education practitioners, scholars, faculty, and staff who want to drive change in their own institutions.

References

Friberg, J. (2016). Might the 4M Framework Support SoTL Advocacy? 

Kezar, A. (2018). How Colleges Change. Understanding, leading and enacting change. (2nd

edition). London: Routledge.